Circle the one item in each of the following groups that is not under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration. Answers follow.

Question l:
a. Spam
b. puppy food
c. chocolate-covered cherries
d. frozen spinach
e. imported caviar

Question 2:
a. aspirin
b. anti-lice shampoo
c. insect repellent
d. eye shadow
e. lipstick

Question 3:
a. pesticide residues in lettuce
b. canned tomatoes
c. oven cleaner
d. spaghetti
e. pet turtles

Question 4:
a. airport security x-ray machines
b. laser products used in lumber mills
c. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic equipment
d. smoke detectors
e. microwave ovens

Question 5:
a. TV sets
b. over-the-counter antacid
c. TV ads for aspirin
d. diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine
e. human plasma

Question 6:
a. baby pacifiers
b. baby bottle nipples
c. ceramic ware for food use
d. coffee mugs
e. eye chart

Question 7:
a. illegal heroin use
b. veterinary tetracycline
c. barbiturates
d. medicinal oxygen
e. methadone

Question 8:
a. kidney dialysis machine
b. tongue depressor
c. toothpaste
d. fluoridated toothpaste
e. hair dryer

Question 9:
. a. label on beer
b. ground coffee
c. coffee beans
d. rabbit meat
e. canned tuna

Question 10:
a. home canning equipment
b. food warehouse
c. drug warehouse
d. hearing aid dispenser (retailer)
e. exporting of drugs

Question 11:
a. Halloween make-up
b. theatrical make-up
c. soap
d. eye mascara
e. nail polish

Question 12:
a. vaccine for horses
b. penicillin for horses
c. medicated feed for hogs
d. pet parrots
e. bird feed

Question 13:
a. tap water
b. club soda
c. bottled mineral water
d. ginger ale
e. bottled water for water cooler

Question 14:
a. tamper-resistant packaging for over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
b. child-proof packaging for OTC drugs
c. plastic containers for soft drinks
d. valentine heart containing chocolates
e. a tube containing medical ointment

Question 15:
a. grooming cream for dogs
b. artificial limb for dogs
c. laser scanner at supermarket checkout
d. mercury vapor lamps
e. vitamin C tablets

Quiz Answers and Explanations
1. Answer a: Spam is a meat product. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is responsible for regulating meat (and poultry) products.

Caviar, and all seafood and seafood products, whether imported or domestically produced, are regulated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) as a food. So, too, are the other choices.

2. Answer c: Insect repellents are regulated as pesticides by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Both aspirin and shampoos that get rid of lice are drugs; eye shadow and lipstick are cosmetics; all are regulated by FDA.

3. Answer c: Oven cleaners are regulated by the Consumer Product Safety Commission.

Canned tomatoes and spaghetti are regulated as foods by FDA. Tolerances for pesticide residues in foods are established by EPA, but FDA is responsible for ensuring that these tolerances are not exceeded on foods (except for meat, poultry and certain egg products, which are under USDA’s jurisdiction). A tolerance level is the maximum amount of a pesticide residue permitted in or on a food. FDA enforces a ban on the sale and distribution of turtles less than 4 inches long, the size most often sold as pets. Pet turtles frequently carry Salmonella bacteria, which may cause severe diarrhea in children and adults. Baby turtles were sold as pets in the United States until 1975, when the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention determined that the bacterial contamination could not be prevented by any known treatment.

4. Answer d: Smoke detectors–both photoelectric and ionization chamber types–are regulated by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The radioactive source used in the ionization chamber detector is naturally occurring, not electronic and, therefore, is not a substance that would be regulated by FDA. (The level of radiation exposure to home occupants from ionization chamber detectors is much less than that received from the low level of natural background radiation.)

Under the FD&C Act, FDA is responsible for protecting consumers from unnecessary exposure to radiation emitted from electronic products. (These provisions were originally separate from the FD&C Act and were referred to as the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act. They were later incorporated into the FD&C Act when the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 was enacted). Airport security x-ray machines and microwave ovens must be properly shielded so that the radiation generated by these products (x-radiation and microwave radiation, respectively) does not harm anyone. MRI diagnostic equipment is regulated as a medical device under the FD&C Act. It is also subject to enforcement as an electronic product emitting radiation because it uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce its images. Laser products used in lumber mills must conform to an FDA standard that ensures their safety. This standard applies to all laser products, whether medical, industrial or consumer.

5. Answer c: The only advertisements over which FDA has direct jurisdiction are those for prescription drugs. FTC oversees advertising for other FDA-regulated products.

TV sets are regulated under the radiological health provisions of the FD&C Act. All televisions must comply with a performance standard that ensures their safety. This standard also applies to video display terminals used with computers. Over-the-counter and prescription drugs, as well as human biological products (such as vaccines and blood products), are regulated by FDA.

6. Answer a: Baby pacifiers are regulated by CPSC unless they are marketed with health claims, in which case they are under FDA’s jurisdiction.

Food-contact articles, including baby bottle nipples, ceramic ware intended for food use, and coffee mugs, are regulated by FDA. So are eye charts, which, as diagnostic products, are considered to be medical devices.

7. Answer a: Illegal use of heroin is the responsibility of the Drug Enforcement Administration, the key federal agency that polices illicit, or “street,” drugs. (If heroin were being studied for medical uses, FDA would regulate it as an investigational drug.)

Barbiturates are subject to abuse and thus may, potentially, wind up on the “street,” bringing them under DEA’s purview. However, barbiturates have legitimate medical uses, and FDA is responsible for ensuring they are properly manufactured and labeled. FDA regulates methadone as a drug, and methadone maintenance treatment programs are monitored under regulations promulgated by both FDA and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Medicinal oxygen is regulated by FDA as a drug. Animal drugs, including veterinary tetracycline, are regulated by FDA.

8. Answer e: Hair dryers are regulated by CPSC.

Kidney dialysis machines and tongue depressors, as different as they are in complexity, are both considered to be medical devices. FDA regulates non-fluoridated toothpastes as cosmetics, and fluoridated toothpastes as drugs.

9. Answer a: Labels on beer and other malt beverages, distilled spirits (liquors), and wines are regulated by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms under the Federal Alcohol Administration Act.

Ground coffee, coffee beans, rabbit meat, and canned tuna are all regulated by FDA as foods. (The Federal Meat Inspection Act, which gives USDA authority over meat products, covers cattle, sheep, swine, goats, and horses. Other meat products, including game meats such as rabbit, are regulated by FDA.)

10. Answer a: Home canning equipment, under a memorandum of understanding between FDA and CPSC, is regulated by CPSC.

FDA’s jurisdiction includes the facilities where the products it regulates are stored, such as food and drug warehouses. Hearing aid dispensing establishments are bound by specific FDA regulations that impose conditions for the sale of hearing aids. The regulations attempt to prevent misrepresentation and ensure adherence to proper medical standards. Regarding exporting drugs, FDA continues to have authority over its regulated products even when they are exported.

11. Answer c: The FD&C Act specifically excludes soap from its definition of cosmetics. CPSC regulates this product.

All of the other choices are defined as cosmetics and, therefore, are regulated by FDA.

12. Answer a: A vaccine for horses is a veterinary biological product. FDA does not have jurisdiction over veterinary biologics. The Virus, Serum, and Toxin Act gives this responsibility to USDA.

The FD&C Act gives FDA authority over pet foods and drugs, which would include veterinary penicillin, medicated feeds, and bird feed. The Public Health Service Act confers on FDA the authority to regulate the interstate movement of psittacine birds (parrots, cockatoos, macaws, parakeets, and other birds in the psittacine family). These birds are potential carriers of psittacosis, a disease that can be transmitted to people. Psittacosis, which is also known as parrot fever, can range in severity from a mild respiratory infection to a protracted illness.

13. Answer a: The safety of public drinking water (tap water) is protected by EPA, as decided in an agreement between that agency and FDA.

FDA has jurisdiction over bottled water, which is considered a food under the FD&C Act. The remaining choices are also defined as foods.

14. Answer b: Child-proof packaging authority, addressed under the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, was delegated to CPSC.

Tamper-resistant packaging, which is required for certain OTC drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices, is FDA’s responsibility. Food packaging materials, such as plastic containers and candy boxes, are subject to regulation as food additives under the FD&C Act because of the possibility that they may leach their chemical constituents into the food product. These potential additives are referred to as indirect food additives. A container bearing a drug product is considered to be a component of that drug, and FDA, therefore, requires that it be appropriate for that drug.

15. Answer a: The animal counterpart of a cosmetic is commonly referred to as a “grooming aid.” Cosmetics, as defined in the FD&C Act, apply only to human use. Therefore, products intended for cleansing or promoting attractiveness of animals are not subject to FDA control.

An artificial limb for dogs is regulated as a veterinary medical device. While such products do not require FDA approval, they do come under the purview of the FD&C Act. They may not bear labeling that is false or misleading, nor may they be otherwise misbranded or adulterated. The laser scanner must comply with the standard. Mercury vapor lamps, most often used to light streets, gymnasiums, sports arenas, banks, and stores, must be maintained properly to be safe. With some types of mercury vapor lamps, if the outer envelope is broken and the lamp continues to operate, intense, harmful ultraviolet radiation is emitted. An FDA standard ensures that this lighting is safe. Finally, FDA regulates vitamin C tablets as food supplements.

However, there is no need to panic. The trend is changing now and you will be able to find natural products available but limited. In this article, you will find these natural products with which you can make yourself beautiful without having to think about what kind of chemical ingredients are put into your makeup.

Many people would go for known makeups such as Maybelline, L’oreal, Avon, Yves Rocher, and there are too much of these to be named. But none would take time to look for what the mother nature has been providing for your own care. If only you would take your time searching, you would have find out that there are many alternatives for your favorite products such as Sbai-Arom and Rostedt. These are products use natural herbs which are mixed together with vegetables and fruits from Thailand that will make your skin better.

Sbai-Arom is quite famous in spa businesses and an etude has showed that Sbai-Arom is widely known in Europe among the spa professionals. The reason behind it is very simple. Because it is cheap and the fragrane that comes out of it is purely natural. The fragrance is very much different from the other counterparts. You might consider using Rostedt products also which are based on herbal medicine ingredients from different areas of Asia.

On the other hand, you will find other types of beauty care products that use less chemical products such as Oriental Princess, Mistine and Cute Press. Oriental Princess offers a variety of health & beauty products such as eyeliners, eye shadows, makeup foundations, lip gloss, lipstick and many skincare products. The same with Mistine and Cute Press which are highly affordable compared to the types of L’oreal, Maybelline and, etc.

Don’t you want to have a nice skin pattern same as a Thai lady? We bet yes as many other women who want to have skin as the sweet as the Thais.

As such, all the above natural products can be purchased directly from Thailand through JNL Siam Shop. It is said that the shop is a small family business that promotes the use of natural products.

The popularity of this kind of surgical makeover has risen mainly because of its visibility in popular consciousness. TV shows such as Ten Years Younger and Nip/Tuck are lifting the taboo on cosmetic surgery and revealing the dramatic results to thousands of men and women who are, in turn, quickly following suit.

One of the main reasons for the dramatic rise in cosmetic surgery throughout the UK is the falling cost of procedures. Prices for even the most complicated surgeries have dropped dramatically giving more people the opportunity to improve their looks and fix those body problems that have been plaguing them for years. Safer and quicker procedures are another feather in the cosmetic enhancement industry’s hat with technological advancements making surgeries less invasive and in turn more appealing to the public. Recovery times are getting quicker so you can have the surgery you want without taking too much time away from other commitments. Even larger surgeries are becoming more appealing as most people are able to spend the majority of their recovery time in the comfort of their own home.

Many people are beginning to see the great results of cosmetic surgery first hand from friends and family members and it’s inspiring them to try it for themselves. With clinics popping up all over the country, and more surgeons turning to the vocation, waiting times have become nonexistent and procedures have become more advanced drawing new customers in from every walk of life.

The rise in these procedures has had a knock on effect for cosmetic surgery claims with the number people suing for procedures gone wrong rising just as quickly as the surgeries themselves. Simple procedures such as Botox and fillers, can be seen as a safer and more cost effective way to jump on the cosmetic surgery train but with clinic appointment books bulging it seems there is no stopping the trend which promises to deliver a better version of yourself in just a few short days.

The popularity of this kind of surgical makeover has risen mainly because of its visibility in popular consciousness. TV shows such as Ten Years Younger and Nip/Tuck are lifting the taboo on cosmetic surgery and revealing the dramatic results to thousands of men and women who are, in turn, quickly following suit.

One of the main reasons for the dramatic rise in cosmetic surgery throughout the UK is the falling cost of procedures. Prices for even the most complicated surgeries have dropped dramatically giving more people the opportunity to improve their looks and fix those body problems that have been plaguing them for years. Safer and quicker procedures are another feather in the cosmetic enhancement industry’s hat with technological advancements making surgeries less invasive and in turn more appealing to the public. Recovery times are getting quicker so you can have the surgery you want without taking too much time away from other commitments. Even larger surgeries are becoming more appealing as most people are able to spend the majority of their recovery time in the comfort of their own home.

Many people are beginning to see the great results of cosmetic surgery first hand from friends and family members and it’s inspiring them to try it for themselves. With clinics popping up all over the country, and more surgeons turning to the vocation, waiting times have become nonexistent and procedures have become more advanced drawing new customers in from every walk of life.

The rise in these procedures has had a knock on effect for cosmetic surgery claims with the number people suing for procedures gone wrong rising just as quickly as the surgeries themselves. Simple procedures such as Botox and fillers, can be seen as a safer and more cost effective way to jump on the cosmetic surgery train but with clinic appointment books bulging it seems there is no stopping the trend which promises to deliver a better version of yourself in just a few short days.

Nicole Kidman

Nicole Kidman finally admitted in a recent magazine interview that she has had Botox injections, but says that was in the past and she did not like the effects of the product. Kidman remained mum on the subject of plastic surgery, despite persistent rumors that the Academy Award winning actress has undergone breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, and liposuction. A simple Internet search of the actress reveals photos that were taken in the 80s; back then Kidman’s nose looks as though it has a different shapes and her lips were much thinner.

Madonna

A telltale sign of use of plastic surgery and non-invasive aesthetic treatments: women in their 40s, 50s, and up that do not have a single wrinkle on their face. Madonna is in her 50s and does not exhibit the normal signs of aging such as wrinkling of the skin or skin laxity. She credits a macrobiotic diet and stringent fitness routine, which includes yoga, for maintaining such a youthful appearance for her age. Plastic surgeons and gossipers agree that the Queen of Pop has likely undergone some type of facial plastic surgery procedure, or at the very least, non-invasive treatments such as chemical peels or laser skin resurfacing.

Kim Kardashian

The reality TV star has undergone non-invasive cosmetic treatments, including VelaShape and Botox injections, on her reality show. However, the buxom beauty denies having the plastic surgery procedures she is rumored to have undergone, such as butt augmentation, placement of breast implants, rhinoplasty, and lip enhancement. While it is hard to tell if her butt or breasts have been augmented, her nose does appear to have been reshaped sometime between the first and second seasons of her reality show.